About Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS)

Rhabdomyosarcoma, often referred to as RMS, is a rare and aggressive type of soft-tissue cancer that develops in the muscles, particularly those attached to bones that help move the body. Although RMS can occur at any age, it most commonly affects children and teenagers.

Types of Rhabdomyosarcoma

There are two primary types:

  • Embryonal RMS: Most frequently diagnosed in children younger than six. It typically occurs in the head, neck, bladder, vagina, prostate, and testes.

  • Alveolar RMS: Often affects older children and adolescents, occurring commonly in large muscles of the trunk, arms, and legs. Alveolar RMS is typically more aggressive and may require intensive treatment.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Symptoms vary widely based on tumor location but often include lumps or swelling, pain, bleeding, and difficulty with bodily functions depending on the tumor's site. Diagnosis generally involves imaging tests (MRI, CT scans), biopsies, and comprehensive pathology assessments.

Treatment Options

Treatment for RMS usually involves a multidisciplinary approach:

  • Chemotherapy: Often the first line of treatment, aimed at shrinking the tumor and killing cancer cells throughout the body.

  • Surgery: Performed to remove as much of the tumor as possible.

  • Radiation Therapy: May be used alongside chemotherapy or surgery to target remaining cancer cells.

Prognosis and Support

Early detection and specialized treatment significantly improve outcomes for patients with RMS. Ongoing research and clinical trials continue to advance the understanding and treatment of this disease.

The Rhabdo Coalition is dedicated to supporting families, raising awareness, and funding critical research efforts aimed at improving the lives and outcomes of those affected by rhabdomyosarcoma.